Greater Iran – Items
Tombstone, Ghazni, 1444 Thuluth regional variant
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Cite
APA
Martina Massullo, . (n.d.). Tombstone, Ghazni, 1444 Thuluth regional variant (1–), CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3821
Chicago
Martina Massullo. n.d. “Tombstone, Ghazni, 1444 Thuluth regional variant.”, CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3821
MLA
Martina Massullo. Tombstone, Ghazni, 1444 Thuluth Regional Variant, CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3821
Item descriptor
- Copyrights Holder
- CallFront
- License
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- Entry ID
- Afghanistan_MM_01
- Author
- Martina Massullo
- Date
- 848 H.
- 1444 – 1445
- Localization Exactitude Degree
- Exact
- Place of Production
- Afghanistan, Ghazni
- Present Location
- unknown
- Language
- Arabic
- Type of text
- Funerary text
- Text Content
- توفي غفر ﺍﻟﻟﻪ له ولوالده في التاريخ سنة ثمان وﺃربعين وثمان ماية كل نفس ذائقة الموت
- Script
- Thuluth regional variant
- Color of the Script
- no trace of color left
- Remarks (General Identification)
- the inscription contains a Quranic quotation (upper register; Quran 28:57) and the date of death (lower register).
- Type of Object
- cenotaph/tombstone
- Writing Surface
- stone\type of stone\marble
- Shape (Epigraphy)
- band
- Size (of the object)
- unknown
- Layout (Epigraphy & Objects)
- Two rectangular bands (upper and lower register), each containing an horizontal line of writing.
- Technique
- carved / bas-relief - flat relief
- Instrument
- chisel
- Remarks (Support)
- In the lower band, the last words of the text are engraved on a second upper line, due to the lack of space.
- Bibliography
- Giunta, Roberta. Les inscriptions funéraires de Ġaznī (IVe-IXe/Xe-XVe Siècles). Series Maior 8. Università degli studi di Napoli L’Orientale, 2003. 287-289, no. 70, pl. XCIV
- Massullo, Martina. “Marble Tombs from Ghazni (Fifteenth - Eighteenth Centuries): Morphological and Epigraphic Remarks.” Eurasian Studies 13, nos. 1–2 (2015): 54–67. pl. XIV.2.
- Massullo Martina, Les tombeaux et les épitaphes de Ghazni (Afghanistan) entre le XVe et le XVIIIe siècle, PhD thesis, Aix-Marseille Université and Università degli studi di Napoli "L'Orientale", 3 vols (unpublished), 2017, Cat. no. 41, pp. 361-364, pl. XCIV-XCV.
Script descriptor
See the lexicon
General Script Characteristics
- Shape
- rectangular
- Internal Structure
- linear
- Line of Writing
- broken
- Groups of Characters Baseline
- partial stacking of characters
- Character Spacing
- superscription at end of line
- Presence of Elongation
- rare
- Elongated Letters
- yā’ rajiah
- Ligature
- Conventional - curvilinear
- Shading / Contrast
- medium contrast
Letter Morphology
- Point
- inclined square
Ascenders
- Alif Ascenders
- alif - non serifed
Descenders
- wāw descenders
- wāw - diagonal tail
- nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders
- nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - crescent tail
- deep bowl
- final lām straight horizontal bowl below baseline
- jīm ḥāʾ khā' and ‘ain ghayn descenders
- closing upward
- yā’ al-rāji’ah descenders
- backward horizontal stroke
horizontals
- bāʾ tāʾ thāʾ fāʾ kāf horizontals
- short bowl
denticles
- sīn shīn denticles
- rounded base denticles
- initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles
- initial perpendicular to baseline
- initial inclined to left
- medial short rounded denticles
counters
- hā' counters
- final multi-knotted form (musalsalah)
- final one-eyed (mardufah)
- final s-shaped (muḥdawdibah)
- fā' qāf wāw counters
- rounded head
- medial 'ain ghayn counters
- compact inverted triangle / open or closed eye
- mīm counters
- rounded head pointed chin
vocalization and diacritics
- sukūn vocalization and diacritics
- circle
- shadda vocalization and diacritics
- short denticles
- ihmāl vocalization and diacritics
- subscript miniature letter for hā’/ ʿayn/ sīn / sād / ṭa
- one or several subscript dots dāl / rāʾ/ sīn
Other
- additional characteristics
- Vegetal elements used to balance the negative space between characters