Eastern Africa & Indian Ocean – Items
Codex, Harar, 1749, Naskhi
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Cite
APA
Sana Mirza, . (n.d.). Codex, Harar, 1749, Naskhi (1–), CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3839
Chicago
Sana Mirza. n.d. “Codex, Harar, 1749, Naskhi.”, CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3839
MLA
Sana Mirza. Codex, Harar, 1749, Naskhi, CallFront, accessed July 26, 2026, https://callfront.inha.fr/s/callfront/item/3839
Item descriptor
- Copyrights Holder
- CallFront
- License
- CC BY-SA-4.0
- Entry ID
- Ethiopia_SM_12
- Author
- Sana Mirza
- Contributor(s)
- Nuria Garcia Masip
- Date
- Shawwāl 1162
- September 1, 1749 – October 31, 1749
- Localization Exactitude Degree
- Exact
- Place of Production
- Ethiopia, Harari region, Harar
- Remarks (Place of Production)
- The place of production is an attribution based on stylistic analysis
- Present Location
- The Khalili Collection, Oxford
- Language
- Arabic
- Title of the Document (If Relevant)
- Qur'an
- Type of text
- Quran
- Script
- Naskhī regional variant
- Signature
- Hajji Saʿd ibn Adish ʿUmar Dīn al-marhūm
- Signature Role
- calligrapher
- Remarks (General Identification)
- Qur'an, copied by Hajji Saʿd ibn Adish ʿUmar Dīn al-marhūm in Shawwal 1162/September-October 1749, Harar, 24.5 x 13.5 cm. Khalili Collection, QUR 706
- Type of Object
- manuscript\codex
- Writing Surface
- paper\type of paper\European paper
- Size (of the object)
- 24.5 x 13.5 cm
- Ruling (Manuscript)
- 15 lines per page
- Technique
- written
- Ink
- carbon-based ink (midād)
- red ink
- Bibliography
- Mirza, Sana. “The Visual Resonances of a Harari Qur’ān: An 18th Century Ethiopian Manuscript and Its Indian Ocean Connections.” Afriques, no. 8 (2017). https://journals.openedition.org/afriques/2052
- Stanley, Tim. “A Qur’an Once in Zanzibar. Connections between India, Arabia and the Swahili Coast.” In The Decorated Word. Qur’ans of the 17th to 19th Centuries, edited by Manijeh Bayani and Anna Contadini, vol. 1. The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, IV. The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Blair, Sheila S. Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
Script descriptor
See the lexicon
General Script Characteristics
- Internal Structure
- linear
- Character Spacing
- regular spaces between characters
- Ligature
- Conventional - curvilinear
- Shading / Contrast
- medium contrast
Letter Morphology
Ascenders
- Alif Ascenders
- alif - slight top serif
- Kāf Ascenders
- initial medial and final elongated (mabsūṭah)
Descenders
- wāw descenders
- wāw - short curvilinear tail
- nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders
- deep bowl left open
- deep bowl
- flattened bowl
- final straight horizontal bowl
- straight horizontal open bowl
- yā’ al-rāji’ah descenders
- backward horizontal stroke
horizontals
- bāʾ tāʾ thāʾ fāʾ kāf horizontals
- bāʾ, tāʾ, thāʾ, fāʾ, kāf - short curvilinear flattened bowl
denticles
- sīn shīn denticles
- short pointed denticles
- initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles
- initial perpendicular to baseline
- medial short pointed denticles
- extended bā' Basmalah with serif
counters
- hā' counters
- initial / medial double eyed (wajh al-hirr)
- initial / medial double-eyed top and bottom (mulawwazah)
- final one-eyed (mardufah) inclined to left
- isolated one-eyed round (mu'arrāh)
- medial 'ain ghayn counters
- compact inverted triangle / open or closed eye
vocalization and diacritics
- fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics
- horizontal stroke
- hamza vocalization and diacritics
- small ‘ain
- sukūn vocalization and diacritics
- small circle
- shadda vocalization and diacritics
- short denticles
Other
- additional characteristics
- Entry focused on the main text and not the larger first and last line of each page