Tombstone, Thatta, mid-late 15th century, Biḥārī

Copyrights Holder: CallFront
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Entry ID: Pakistan_FQ_02
Author: Fatima Quraishi
Date: 1451 – 1500
Localization Exactitude Degree: Exact
Place of Production: Pakistan, Sindh province, Thatta, Makli Necropolis, Chattri of Jam Tamachi (so-called)
Language: Arabic
Type of text: Quran
Nature of the Text: Reference for Quranic verses
Text Content: 2:255, Bismilah
Script: Biḥārī
Type of Object: cenotaph/tombstone
Writing Surface: stone\type of stone\sandstone
Shape (Epigraphy): rectangular
Layout (Epigraphy & Objects): 2 & 4 (depending on side)
Technique: carved / bas-relief - flat relief
Instrument: chisel
Related Items: Tombstone, Thatta, mid-late 15th century, Biḥārī

See the lexicon

Alif Ascenders: alif - non serifed
Lām Ascenders: lām - vertical; lām - non serifed
Kāf Ascenders: Kaf - two elongated parallel strokes; top arm short diagonal stroke
ṭā' ẓā' ascenders: rounded body; vertical shaft no serif

wāw descenders: wāw - short curvilinear tail; wāw - long flattened, tapered tail
rā' zā' descenders: rā'/zā' - short curvilinear tail
mīm descenders: mīm - short curvilinear tail
nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders: nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - crescent tail
jīm ḥāʾ khā' and ‘ain ghayn descenders: backward tail; opening horizontal

sīn shīn denticles: rounded base denticles
initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles: short perpendicular to baseline

hā' counters: final one-eyed (mardufah) triangular; initial / medial double eyed (wajh al-hirr); isolated one-eyed triangular (murabba'ah)
fā' qāf wāw counters: triangular pointed head
medial 'ain ghayn counters: wide inverted triangle
mīm counters: circular head open eye

additional characteristics: lam-alif with alif inclined sharply towards the right