Manuscript, Lohri, 1374, Biḥārī · CallFront

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Manuscript, Lohri, 1374, Biḥārī

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Item descriptor

Copyrights Holder: CallFront
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Entry ID: India_EBP_MB_02
Author: Monique Burési; Eloïse Brac de la Perrière
Date: 17 Rabīʿ I 776 H.; August 26, 1374
Localization Exactitude Degree: Exact
Place of Production: Pakistan, Sindh province, Lohri
Remarks (Place of Production): colophon
Present Location: Kaboul, Archives nationales, 86/17
Language: Arabic
Title of the Document (If Relevant): Quran
Type of text: Quran
Script: Biḥārī
Color of the Script: black; red
Signature: Ilyās Qāḍī Abū Bakr Yaʿqūb b. Naṣir al-Dīn
Signature Role: calligrapher
Remarks (General Identification): colophon
Type of Object: manuscript\codex
Technique: written
Instrument: reed pen
Bibliography: Richard, Francis. Manuscrits Avec Colophon Des Archives Nationales d’Afghanistan, Kaboul: Liste Préliminaire et Sauvegarde Photographique. Istituto per l’Oriente C. A. Nallino, 2022. Cat. 11, p. 34, fig. 18 (colophon).

Script descriptor

See the lexicon

General Script Characteristics

Presence of Elongation: occasional
Elongated Letters: transition between sīn and mīm; yā’ rajiah
Length of Elongation: varied length of elongations
Ligature: Conventional - curvilinear
Shading / Contrast: strong contrast

Letter Morphology

Point: inclined square; inclined partial square

Ascenders

Alif Ascenders: alif - inclined to left; alif - non serifed; alif - thin shaft
Lām Ascenders: lām - inclined to left; lām - non serifed; lām - thin shaft
Kāf Ascenders: initial medial and final elongated (mabsūṭah); top arm with serif; Initial, medial and final shaft slightly inclined to left; no top arm and superscript kāf
ṭā' ẓā' ascenders: rounded swollen body; vertical shaft no serif

Descenders

wāw descenders: wāw - long thick angular oblique tapered tail
rā' zā' descenders: rā'/zā' - long thick angular oblique tapered tail
nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders: nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - elongated curvilinear flattened ascending bowl; nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - short curvilinear flattened bowl
jīm ḥāʾ khā' and ‘ain ghayn descenders: narrow tail; opening horizontal
yā’ al-rāji’ah descenders: backward horizontal stroke

horizontals

bāʾ tāʾ thāʾ fāʾ kāf horizontals: bāʾ, tāʾ, thāʾ, fāʾ, kāf - elongated curvilinear flattened ascending bowl

denticles

sīn shīn denticles: short pointed denticles; rounded base denticles
initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles: initial perpendicular to baseline; medial short pointed denticles; leftward stroke with short hook

counters

hā' counters: isolated one-eyed triangular (murabba'ah); initial / medial double eyed (wajh al-hirr) with extended arm
fā' qāf wāw counters: triangular pointed head
medial 'ain ghayn counters: wide inverted triangle
mīm counters: rounded head pointed chin

vocalization and diacritics

fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics: horizontal stroke
fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics colour: black
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics: horizontal tail; open eye
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics colour: black
hamza vocalization and diacritics: small inverse Z
hamza vocalization and diacritics colour: black
sukūn vocalization and diacritics: circle
shadda vocalization and diacritics: short denticles

Other

additional characteristics: form of the bā’ and nūn bowl is very similar; Vowels are systematically placed; sīn/shīn connected to the extended arm of hāʾ