Manuscript, origin unknown, --, Biḥārī · CallFront

South Asia – Items

Manuscript, origin unknown, --, Biḥārī

No media available 2.jpeg

csv

Item descriptor

Copyrights Holder: CallFront
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Entry ID: India_EBP_MB_04
Author: Monique Burési; Eloïse Brac de la Perrière
Date: 838 (before) H.
Before 1434-1435
Place of Production: India
Present Location: Doha, Museum of Islamic Art, MS.259.2003
Language: Arabic
Title of the Document (If Relevant): Quran
Type of text: Quran
Script: Biḥārī
Color of the Script: black; red
Remarks (General Identification): La reliure comprenait une note la localisant à Samarcande et donnant une datation ante quem : 838/1434-1435 (mentionnée dans Sam fogg mais disparue).
Type of Object: manuscript\codex
Size (of the object): 56 x 34.5 cm
Ruling (Manuscript): H. 42,5 ; 24,5 cm
Layout (Epigraphy & Objects): 15
Technique: written
Instrument: reed pen
Bibliography: Brac de la Perrière, Éloïse. L’art du livre dans l’Inde des sultanats. Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2008. n° 35, p. 291, pl. 40-41.

Script descriptor

See the lexicon

General Script Characteristics

Presence of Elongation: frequent
Elongated Letters: transition between sīn and mīm
Length of Elongation: varied length of elongations
Ligature: Abusive - ‘alif and lām; Conventional - curvilinear; Conventional - V shaped
Shading / Contrast: strong contrast

Letter Morphology

Point: inclined partial square

Ascenders

Alif Ascenders: alif - non serifed; alif - thin shaft
Lām Ascenders: lām - inclined to left; lām - non serifed; lām - thin shaft
Kāf Ascenders: initial medial and final elongated (mabsūṭah); top arm with serif; medial, initial vertical shaft; top arm with final hook; Initial /medial compact form diagonal body; top arm with final hook
ṭā' ẓā' ascenders: rounded swollen body; vertical shaft inclined to left

Descenders

wāw descenders: wāw - short curvilinear tail; wāw - diagonal tail
rā' zā' descenders: rā'/zā' - diagonal tail; rā'/zā' - s-shaped; rā'/zā' - short curvilinear tail
mīm descenders: short diagonal to left; straight diagonal to left
nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders: nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - elongated curvilinear flattened bowl; deep bowl
jīm ḥāʾ khā' and ‘ain ghayn descenders: backward tail; opening horizontal; closed looped tail
yā’ al-rāji’ah descenders: backward horizontal stroke

horizontals

bāʾ tāʾ thāʾ fāʾ kāf horizontals: bāʾ, tāʾ, thāʾ, fāʾ, kāf - elongated curvilinear flattened bowl

denticles

sīn shīn denticles: medial zig-zag denticles
initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles: initial perpendicular to baseline; initial inclined to left; medial short pointed denticles; leftward stroke with short hook

counters

hā' counters: isolated one-eyed triangular (murabba'ah); initial / medial double eyed (wajh al-hirr); initial / medial double-eyed top and bottom (mulawwazah); final one-eyed (mardufah) triangular with elongated vertical shaft
fā' qāf wāw counters: triangular pointed head
medial 'ain ghayn counters: wide inverted triangle
mīm counters: rounded head pointed chin; triangular head pointed chin

vocalization and diacritics

fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics: horizontal stroke
fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics colour: black
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics: horizontal tail; open eye
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics colour: black
sukūn vocalization and diacritics: circle
shadda vocalization and diacritics: tall denticles

Other

additional characteristics: Initial ʿayn with almost closed large curled eyebrow; Lām-alif with short alif inclined sharply towards the right; Lām-alif with stylized V form; Point of dhāl is placed to the right (sometimes); Closed looped tail; Final dal sometimes consists of two linked parrallel shafts; Certain letters connected to the top arm of medial elongated kaf; Vowels are systematically placed