Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī · CallFront

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Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī

India_EBP_MB_11a
India_EBP_MB_11b
India_EBP_MB_11c
India_EBP_MB_11d
India_EBP_MB_11e
India_EBP_MB_11f
India_EBP_MB_11g

csv

Item descriptor

Copyrights Holder: CallFront
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Entry ID: India_EBP_MB_11
Author: Monique Burési; Eloïse Brac de la Perrière
Date: 15^th century
Place of Production: India
Present Location: Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2017-232-1
Language: Arabic
Title of the Document (If Relevant): Quran
Type of text: Quran
Script: Biḥārī
Color of the Script: black
Type of Object: manuscript\codex
Size (of the object): 31 x 21.5 cm
Ruling (Manuscript): H. 23,3 ; l. 17,1 cm
Layout (Epigraphy & Objects): 15
Technique: written
Instrument: reed pen
Bibliography: Unpublished

Script descriptor

See the lexicon

General Script Characteristics

Groups of Characters Baseline: partial stacking of characters
Character Spacing: irregular spaces between characters
Presence of Elongation: frequent
Elongated Letters: nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā’, lām and qāf bowl; yā’ rajiah
Length of Elongation: varied length of elongations
Ligature: Abusive - ‘alif and lām; Conventional - curvilinear
Shading / Contrast: medium contrast

Letter Morphology

Point: inclined partial square

Ascenders

Alif Ascenders: alif - non serifed; alif - thin shaft
Lām Ascenders: lām - inclined to left; lām - non serifed; lām - thin shaft
Kāf Ascenders: initial medial and final elongated (mabsūṭah); top arm with serif; Initial, medial and final shaft slightly inclined to left; top arm with final hook; Initial /medial compact form diagonal body; no top arm and superscript kāf
ṭā' ẓā' ascenders: rounded swollen body, thick horizontal bottom stroke; vertical shaft inclined to left

Descenders

wāw descenders: wāw - short curvilinear tail; wāw - long curvilinear tail
rā' zā' descenders: rā'/zā' - short curvilinear tail; rā'/zā' - s-shaped; rā'/zā' - long curvilinear tail
mīm descenders: mīm - short almost horizontal tail; mīm - short curvilinear tail; mīm - vertical downstroke; long flattened tapered tail, hairline ending
nūn sīn shīn sādḍād yā’ lām and qāf descenders: nūn, sīn/shīn, sād/ḍād, yā', lām, qāf - elongated curvilinear flattened ascending bowl; final lām straight horizontal bowl below baseline
jīm ḥāʾ khā' and ‘ain ghayn descenders: backward tail; opening horizontal
yā’ al-rāji’ah descenders: backward horizontal stroke

horizontals

bāʾ tāʾ thāʾ fāʾ kāf horizontals: bāʾ, tāʾ, thāʾ, fāʾ, kāf - elongated curvilinear flattened bowl; bāʾ, tāʾ, thāʾ, fāʾ, kāf - curvilinear flattened bowl

denticles

sīn shīn denticles: short pointed denticles; rounded base denticles
initial and medial bāʾ tāʾthāʾ nūn yāʾ denticles: initial perpendicular to baseline; medial short pointed denticles; leftward stroke with short hook

counters

hā' counters: isolated one-eyed triangular (murabba'ah); initial / medial double eyed (wajh al-hirr); final one-eyed (mardufah) diamond shaped; medial swollen double-eyed top and bottom (mulawwazah)
fā' qāf wāw counters: triangular pointed head
medial 'ain ghayn counters: wide inverted triangle
mīm counters: rounded head pointed chin

vocalization and diacritics

fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics: horizontal stroke; thick stroke
fatḥa kasra vocalization and diacritics colour: black
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics: horizontal tail; open eye; closed eye
ḍamma vocalization and diacritics colour: black
hamza vocalization and diacritics: small inverse Z
hamza vocalization and diacritics colour: black
sukūn vocalization and diacritics: circle
shadda vocalization and diacritics: tall denticles

Other

additional characteristics: sād/ḍād rounded swollen body, thick horizontal bottom stroke; initial ‘ayn and ghayn with large curled eyebrow; lam-alif with short alif inclined sharply towards the right; certain letters are connected to the top arm of medial elongated kaf; isolated and final dāl and dhāl is a sharpe angle; Vowels are systematically placed; nūn bowl joins the mīm's head; sīn bowl is joined toparts of jīim’s tail; Basmala

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11a
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11b
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11c
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11d
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11e
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11f
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public

Image ID Entry: India_EBP_MB_11g
Description: Manuscript, origin unknown, 15th century, Biḥārī
Photographer: Philadelphia Museum of Art
License: CC - PDM 1.0 DEED
Access Rights: Public